It has been estimated that the average American household disposes of more than two hundred pounds of kitchen scrap waste yearly. This is waste that is going into our landfills when it could be enriching our gardens. Composting is a lot easier to achieve than most people realize. If you have an organized system, it will take no more time to compost than it does to trash your scraps.
There are many variations of compost bins available for purchase on the market ranging from simple to extravagant and expensive. You may choose this route, or you may like to build your own. This is a relatively simple task; you must just ensure that your bin or box is covered to keep animals away yet still allows for drainage and aeration. Many install a screen on the bottom of the bin to help with this problem.
Almost all forms of kitchen waste can be easily composted. This will make an inexpensive and yet rich fertilizer for your lawn or garden. There are two categories of commonly used composting items: green nitrogen rich substances and brown carbon rich ones:
Green materials that you can compost are: Herbivore animal manure, coffee grounds and filters, fruit trimmings, peeling remnants and cores, vegetable peelings, leaves and remnants, grains, grass clippings, green leaves, hair and fur, shredded newspaper, tea bags, and houseplants.
Brown Materials to be used for composting are: cardboard rolls that are shredded, clean paper that is shredded, dry leaves, straw, newspaper that is shredded, nut shells, pine needles, sawdust, wood ships, wool rags, vegetable stalks, crushed eggshells, and fireplace ash that is not from coal.
Here are items that you should take care not to add to your compost pile: Anything containing chemicals or that has been chemically treated, bird droppings, bones, cat or dog feces, human waste, ashes from coal, colored paper, dairy products, diseased plants, grease in any form, and treated wood or wood products. These substances can be toxic to both plants and humans
You generally want to try to keep a ratio of brown to green material at 25:1. Carbon materials break down very slowly and will keep your compost pile from completely decomposing and being ready to use. On the other hand, if too many nitrogen substances exist, this can create a bad odor that will also attract animals to your bin.
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Composting upcycles organic kitchen and yard waste and manures into an extremely useful humus-like, soil end product, permitting the return of vital organic matter, nutrients, and particularly bacteria, that are vital to plant nutrition to the soil. Managed aerobic composting arranges environmental conditions so they are optimal for the natural processes to take place. There is a popular expression: “compost happens”, but it is helpful to engineer the best possible circumstances for large amounts of organic waste to decompose quickly and efficiently, with the greatest conservation of useful nutrients and mass.
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The Carbon to Nitrogen ratio that you mention as 25 Carbon to 1 Nitrogen might not mean much to beginning composters. Its all about getting enough carbs (carbon) and protein (nitrogen) to give our compost critter friends a good meal. High carbon stuff such as paper, sawdust, and straw needs to be mixed with high nitrogen materials such as grass clippings, food scraps or animal manures. The ideal pile is well mixed, damp and has a light trace of barnyard odor. While this may trigger your “Ugh” response, it’s important to put enough green nitrogen in the pile at first to give the pile a chance to finish without further attention from you. If you under-green the pile, it won’t get hot, won’t decompose well and will need another round of turning and mixing in more green or perhaps a full year of ultra slow composting to finish.
Consider that fresh horse manure is almost perfectly balanced to compost rapidly. Yes, there is a small amount of odor for a short time. For the vast majority of backyard piles this is not a problem.
Rot On!
Stan
I compost meat grease from my grill periodically, although not in large quantities. My pile mostly consists of oak leaves ( acquired from the curbs of neighbors), kitchen scraps, yard trimmings (not grass - that stays in the yard) and urine (I pee on the pile regularly). As long as I mix and dampen the pile thoroughly - it never stinks or creates foul odors. Worms don’t like heat or grease (my pile is in summer sun much of the day), so I don’t have a lot of worms, but plenty of bacteria and fungi as long as kept reasonably damp. I’ll try humanure some day. Also, dead animals - birds, squirrels - into the pile. I found a partially mauled rabbit hind quarter one time, the rest of it had been taken by predators. Milk, old wine, breads or cereals are fine, too. I know some cattle and swine farms are licensed to compost large animals. From that, it’s not a big leap to compost dead bodies, which is much more green than traditional burials. If I ever keeled over and died while maintaining my pile one day, I suppose there is a good chance my remains would never be located if left in place for a few days.
The thing is that humans carry more dangerous pathogens that cows or swine. So I am not sure that it would ever be approved. Not to mention I don’t think that it would be a very popular idea.
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